📜 ADHKĀR AL-ṢALĀH — The Invocations of Prayer

"Prayer without dhikr is like a body without a soul." — The adhkār transform physical movements into a living connection with Allah.

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🎬 Introduction — The Soul of Prayer

💡 The Lesson: Prayer is a conversation with Allah. Each movement has its words. Learn them and live them.

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📜 Foundational Texts

From the Qur'an

"So remember Me; I will remember you. And be grateful to Me and do not deny Me."
— [Al-Baqarah: 152]

"Indeed, prayer prohibits immorality and wrongdoing, and the remembrance of Allah is greater."
— [Al-'Ankabūt: 45]

From the Prophetic Sunnah

Abū Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said:
"The closest a servant is to his Lord is while he is prostrating, so increase your supplication."
— Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim (482)

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🔍 Linguistic Analysis

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📚 Adhkār Before Prayer

🔷 The Adhān and Iqāmah

📍 Source: Muslim (384)

📋 Responding to the Adhān — Step by Step

🤲 Supplication After the Adhān

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (614)

💡 The Virtue: "Whoever says this upon hearing the call, my intercession becomes permissible for him on the Day of Resurrection." — Al-Bukhārī (614)

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📚 Adhkār During Prayer

🔷 1. The Opening Supplication (Du'ā' al-Istiftāḥ)

First Formula — The Most Famous (Ḥanafī/Ḥanbalī)

Subḥānaka Allāhumma wa biḥamdika, wa tabāraka ismuka, wa ta'ālā jadduka, wa lā ilāha ghayruk

(Glory be to You, O Allah, and praise be to You. Blessed is Your name, exalted is Your majesty, and there is no god but You.)

📍 Source: Abū Dāwūd (775), Al-Tirmidhī (243)

Second Formula — The Prophet's ﷺ Formula (Bukhārī/Muslim)

Allāhumma bā'id baynī wa bayna khaṭāyāya kamā bā'adta bayna al-mashriqi wa al-maghrib. Allāhumma naqqinī min khaṭāyāya kamā yunaqqa al-thawbu al-abyaḍu min al-danas. Allāhumma ighsilnī min khaṭāyāya bil-thalji wa al-mā'i wa al-barad

(O Allah, distance me from my sins as You have distanced the East from the West. O Allah, purify me from my sins as white cloth is purified from stains. O Allah, wash my sins with snow, water, and hail.)

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (744), Muslim (598)

📌 The Four Schools' Position on the Opening Supplication

⚠️ For Mālikīs: The Mālikī school does not practice the opening supplication. Begin directly with Al-Fātiḥah after takbīrat al-iḥrām. This is Imam Mālik's position in Al-Mudawwanah.

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🔷 2. Al-Fātiḥah — The Mother of the Book

📍 Source: Muslim (395)

💡 Reflect: You are not reading Al-Fātiḥah alone. Allah responds to you in every verse! Feel this dialogue.

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🔷 3. Adhkār of Rukū' (Bowing)

The Obligatory Dhikr (Minimum)

Subḥāna Rabbiya al-'Aẓīm

(Glory be to my Lord, the Magnificent)

📍 Source: Muslim (772) — "When the verse 'Glorify the name of your Lord, the Magnificent' was revealed, the Prophet ﷺ said: 'Make this in your rukū''"

Additional Dhikr (Sunnah)

Subḥāna Rabbiya al-'Aẓīmi wa biḥamdih (3 times or more)

Subbūḥun Quddūs, Rabbu al-malā'ikati wa al-rūḥ

(Glorious, Holy, Lord of the angels and the Spirit)

📍 Source: Muslim (487)

Subḥānaka Allāhumma Rabbanā wa biḥamdika, Allāhumma ighfir lī

(Glory be to You, O Allah our Lord, and praise be to You. O Allah, forgive me.)

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (794), Muslim (484)

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🔷 4. Adhkār When Rising from Rukū'

Complete Formulas

Rabbanā wa laka al-ḥamd, ḥamdan kathīran ṭayyiban mubārakan fīh

(Our Lord, to You belongs all praise, abundant, pure, and blessed praise.)

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (799)

Rabbanā laka al-ḥamd, mil'a al-samāwāti wa mil'a al-arḍi wa mil'a mā shi'ta min shay'in ba'd

(Our Lord, to You belongs praise filling the heavens, filling the earth, and filling whatever else You will.)

📍 Source: Muslim (476)

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🔷 5. Adhkār of Sujūd (Prostration)

📍 Source: Muslim (482)

The Obligatory Dhikr

Subḥāna Rabbiya al-A'lā

(Glory be to my Lord, the Most High)

📍 Source: Muslim (772)

Additional Dhikr

Subḥāna Rabbiya al-A'lā wa biḥamdih (3 times or more)

Subḥānaka Allāhumma Rabbanā wa biḥamdika, Allāhumma ighfir lī

Subbūḥun Quddūs, Rabbu al-malā'ikati wa al-rūḥ

Du'ā' in Sujūd (The Golden Moment!)

Allāhumma ighfir lī dhanbī kullahu, diqqahu wa jillahu, wa awwalahu wa ākhirahu, wa 'alāniyatahu wa sirrahu

(O Allah, forgive all my sins, the minor and major, the first and last, the public and private.)

📍 Source: Muslim (483)

Allāhumma innī a'ūdhu biriḍāka min sakhaṭika, wa bimu'āfātika min 'uqūbatika, wa a'ūdhu bika minka, lā uḥṣī thanā'an 'alayka, Anta kamā athnayta 'alā nafsik

(O Allah, I seek refuge in Your pleasure from Your wrath, in Your pardon from Your punishment. I seek refuge in You from You. I cannot enumerate Your praise; You are as You have praised Yourself.)

📍 Source: Muslim (486)

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🔷 6. Dhikr Between the Two Prostrations

Rabbi ighfir lī, Rabbi ighfir lī

(My Lord, forgive me. My Lord, forgive me.)

📍 Source: Abū Dāwūd (874), Ibn Mājah (897)

Allāhumma ighfir lī, warḥamnī, wahdinī, wa 'āfinī, warzuqnī

(O Allah, forgive me, have mercy on me, guide me, grant me well-being, and provide for me.)

📍 Source: Abū Dāwūd (850), Al-Tirmidhī (284)

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🔷 7. The Tashahhud

The Tashahhud Formula

Al-taḥiyyātu lillāhi wa al-ṣalawātu wa al-ṭayyibāt. Al-salāmu 'alayka ayyuha al-Nabiyyu wa raḥmatu Allāhi wa barakātuh. Al-salāmu 'alaynā wa 'alā 'ibādi Allāhi al-ṣāliḥīn. Ashhadu an lā ilāha illa Allāh, wa ashhadu anna Muḥammadan 'abduhu wa rasūluh

(All greetings, prayers, and good things belong to Allah. Peace be upon you, O Prophet, and the mercy and blessings of Allah. Peace be upon us and upon the righteous servants of Allah. I bear witness that there is no god but Allah, and I bear witness that Muḥammad is His servant and messenger.)

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (831), Muslim (402)

📌 Differences Among the Schools

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🔷 8. The Ṣalāh Upon the Prophet ﷺ

Allāhumma ṣalli 'alā Muḥammad wa 'alā āli Muḥammad, kamā ṣallayta 'alā Ibrāhīm wa 'alā āli Ibrāhīm, innaka Ḥamīdun Majīd

Allāhumma bārik 'alā Muḥammad wa 'alā āli Muḥammad, kamā bārakta 'alā Ibrāhīm wa 'alā āli Ibrāhīm, innaka Ḥamīdun Majīd

(O Allah, send prayers upon Muḥammad and the family of Muḥammad, as You sent prayers upon Ibrāhīm and the family of Ibrāhīm. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious. O Allah, bless Muḥammad and the family of Muḥammad, as You blessed Ibrāhīm and the family of Ibrāhīm. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious.)

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (3370), Muslim (406)

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🔷 9. Du'ā' Before the Taslīm

The Four Refuges Supplication

Allāhumma innī a'ūdhu bika min 'adhābi jahannam, wa min 'adhābi al-qabr, wa min fitnati al-maḥyā wa al-mamāt, wa min sharri fitnati al-Masīḥi al-Dajjāl

(O Allah, I seek refuge in You from the punishment of Hellfire, from the punishment of the grave, from the trials of life and death, and from the evil of the trial of the False Messiah.)

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (1377), Muslim (588)

⚠️ The Prophet ﷺ used to teach this like he taught a surah of the Qur'an — Sa'īd ibn al-Musayyib said: It is close to being obligatory.

Forgiveness Supplication

Allāhumma innī ẓalamtu nafsī ẓulman kathīran, wa lā yaghfiru al-dhunūba illā Ant, faghfir lī maghfiratan min 'indika warḥamnī, innaka Anta al-Ghafūru al-Raḥīm

(O Allah, I have wronged myself greatly, and none forgives sins but You, so forgive me with forgiveness from You and have mercy on me. Indeed, You are the Forgiving, the Merciful.)

📍 Source: Al-Bukhārī (834), Muslim (2705)

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📚 Adhkār After Prayer

🔷 The Recommended Sequence

📍 Source: Muslim (591)

📋 Post-Taslīm Adhkār — In Order

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🔷 Detailed Formulas

1. Seeking Forgiveness

Astaghfiru Allāh (3 times)

(I seek Allah's forgiveness)

2. The Peace Supplication

Allāhumma Anta al-Salām wa minka al-Salām, tabārakta yā Dhā al-Jalāli wa al-Ikrām

(O Allah, You are Peace and from You comes peace. Blessed are You, O Possessor of Majesty and Honor.)

3. The Complete Tahlīl

Lā ilāha illa Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lah, lahu al-mulku wa lahu al-ḥamd, wa Huwa 'alā kulli shay'in Qadīr

(There is no god but Allah alone, with no partner. To Him belongs the dominion and to Him belongs praise, and He is over all things Capable.)

4. Tasbīḥ, Taḥmīd, and Takbīr

Subḥān Allāh (33 times)
Al-ḥamdu lillāh (33 times)
Allāhu Akbar (33 times)

Total: 99

Then complete the hundred with:

Lā ilāha illa Allāhu waḥdahu lā sharīka lah, lahu al-mulku wa lahu al-ḥamd, wa Huwa 'alā kulli shay'in Qadīr

📍 Source: Muslim (597)

💡 The Virtue: "Whoever glorifies Allah after every prayer thirty-three times, praises Allah thirty-three times, and magnifies Allah thirty-three times, that is ninety-nine, and says to complete one hundred: 'Lā ilāha illa Allāh...' his sins will be forgiven even if they were like the foam of the sea."

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📊 Summary Table

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🎯 Practical Program — Mastering the Adhkār

Weeks 1-2: The Basics

Goal: Memorize the obligatory adhkār

• Tasbīḥ of rukū' and sujūd
• Complete tashahhud
• The Ibrāhīmī prayer

Weeks 3-4: Enrichment

Goal: Add the recommended adhkār

• Four Refuges supplication before taslīm
• 33×3 after every prayer
• Āyat al-Kursī after the obligatory prayer

Month Two Onward: Mastery

Goal: Feel the adhkār with your heart

• Understand the meaning of every word
• Vary between the authentic formulas
• Add personal du'ā's in sujūd

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🤲 Closing Supplication

Allāhumma a'innī 'alā dhikrika wa shukrika wa ḥusni 'ibādatik

(O Allah, help me in remembering You, being grateful to You, and worshipping You well.)

📍 Source: Abū Dāwūd (1522), Al-Nasā'ī (1303)

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May Allah accept from us and from you

O Allah, accept our prayers and fill them with Your remembrance.