📜 الهَدْيُ وَالرَّمْيُ — The Sacrifice and Stoning

The sacrifice (Hady) and stoning (Ramy) are among the most important rites of Hajj, performed primarily on the day of Eid al-Adha (10th Dhul-Hijja) at Mina. The sacrifice commemorates the trial of Ibrahim عليه السلام with his son Isma'il, while stoning symbolizes the rejection of Satan. These rites are both acts of worship and profound symbols of faith and submission to Allah.

---

📖 Foundational Text (النص التأسيسي)

The Quran

"Whoever takes advantage of the 'Umra until Hajj, then whatever sacrifice is easily obtainable. And whoever cannot find one - then a fast of three days during Hajj and of seven when you have returned. Those are ten complete days."
— [Al-Baqara: 196]

"And proclaim to the people the Hajj... that they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on known days over what He has provided for them of [sacrificial] animals."
— [Al-Hajj: 27-28]

"And remember Allah during the numbered days."
— [Al-Baqara: 203]

The Sunnah

The Prophet ﷺ said: "The days of Tashriq are days of eating, drinking and remembering Allah."
— [Muslim (1141)]

The Prophet ﷺ said regarding sacrificial animals: "Four are not acceptable for sacrifice: the one-eyed animal with an obvious defect, the sick animal whose illness is obvious, the lame animal whose lameness is obvious, and the emaciated animal with no marrow."
— [At-Tirmidhi (1497), An-Nasa'i (4371)]

---

🎓 Scholarly Statements (أقوال العلماء)

---

🔍 Linguistic Analysis (التحليل اللغوي)

Linguistic note: A distinction is made between النَّحر (nahr) for camels which are sacrificed standing with a strike at the base of the neck, and الذَّبح (dhabh) for sheep and cattle which are slaughtered lying down.

---

📚 Detailed Explanation (الشرح المفصل)

4.1 The Sacrifice (al-Hady)

Upon Whom is it Obligatory?

Types of Animals Accepted

Defects That Invalidate the Sacrifice

Time and Place of Sacrifice

4.2 The Stoning (ar-Ramy)

The Complete Schedule

Total: 70 pebbles (or 49 if leaving on the 12th)

Conditions of Validity for Stoning

What to Say While Stoning

For each pebble, one pronounces: "اللهُ أَكْبَر" (Allahu Akbar)

After the first two pillars (small and medium), one makes a long supplication facing the Qibla.
After the large pillar, one leaves without supplicating.

---

⚖️ Differences Between Schools (الخلاف الفقهي)

5.1 Start of Stoning Time on Day 10

5.2 Stoning Before Zenith on Tashriq Days

5.3 Alternative to Sacrifice for Those Unable

---

🌍 Modern Applications (التطبيقات المعاصرة)

6.1 Sacrifice by Proxy (via Sacrifice Banks)

• Majority opinion: Permissible to delegate sacrifice to a reliable organization.
• Conditions: The organization must sacrifice within the Haram, within required times.
• Advantage: Meat is distributed to the poor of the Muslim world.
• Caution: Ensure the organization is trustworthy.

6.2 Modern Levels of the Jamarat

• All three constructed levels are valid for stoning.
• Modern facilities help avoid deadly stampedes.
• Stoning from any level = valid.

6.3 Postponing the Sacrifice

• If the pilgrim cannot find an animal on the day of sacrifice, he may:
  1. Borrow money to purchase one
  2. Fast the 10 days as mentioned in the Quran
  3. Postpone the sacrifice after Hajj (some opinions)

6.4 Freezing the Meat

• It is permissible to freeze the meat of the sacrifice for later use.
• It is recommended to eat from it, give gifts from it, and give charity from it.

---

⚠️ Common Mistakes (الأخطاء الشائعة)

---

❓ FAQ (الأسئلة الشائعة)

Q1: Can I delegate my sacrifice to an Islamic bank?

Yes, it is permissible as long as the organization sacrifices within the required times and places. Verify the reliability of the organization.

Q2: What if a pebble doesn't reach the basin?

You must replace it with another. Only pebbles that fall into the basin count.

Q3: Can I throw all 21 pebbles at one pillar?

No, that is invalid. You must follow the order: small, medium, then large, with 7 pebbles each.

Q4: Is it permissible to eat from my own sacrifice?

Yes, the Prophet ﷺ used to eat from his sacrifice. It is recommended to eat from it, give gifts, and give to the poor.

Q5: What if I cannot find an animal to sacrifice?

You fast 3 days during Hajj (best before Arafat) and 7 days after returning, totaling 10 days.

Q6: Can I stone at night during the Tashriq days?

Yes, the stoning time extends from after zenith until the dawn of the following day. However, delaying without excuse is disliked (makruh).

---

🎯 Contemporary Cases

🐑 Case 1: Sacrifice made in home country by proxy

Situation: A pilgrim asks their family back home to make a sacrifice in their name on Eid day, thinking it counts as their Hajj Hady. The animal is sacrificed at home, not in Makkah.

❓ Does this sacrifice count as Hady?

📜 View the ruling

📖 Analysis:

Criterion	Application
Location of Hady	Must be within the Haram (Mina, Makkah)
Sacrifice outside Haram	Does not count as Hady
Distinction	Hady ≠ Udhiya (Eid sacrifice)

💡 Key Rule: The obligatory Hady of the Mutamatti' or Qarin must be sacrificed within the Haram limits. The sacrifice at home is an Udhiya (Eid sacrifice), not a Hady. The pilgrim must organize a sacrifice through official Hady banks in Makkah.

💳 Case 2: Online payment for collective sacrifice

Situation: A pilgrim pays online for a "shared cow sacrifice among 7" via an official application. They never see the animal nor know exactly when it is sacrificed.

❓ Is this sacrifice valid?

📜 View the ruling

📖 Analysis:

Criterion	Application
Proxy (tawkīl)	Permitted for sacrifice
Reliable organization	Condition of validity
Time of sacrifice	The organization handles it

💡 Key Rule: Sacrifice by proxy through an accredited organization is perfectly valid. Official Hady banks (like the Saudi project) guarantee sacrifice within required times and places. The pilgrim does not need to see the animal or attend the sacrifice.

🪨 Case 3: Stoning by proxy for elderly person

Situation: An 85-year-old man, unable to walk to the Jamarat, asks his son to throw the stones on his behalf for all the Tashriq days.

❓ Is this delegation permitted?

📜 View the ruling

📖 Analysis:

Criterion	Application
Physical incapacity	Established and permanent (age + mobility)
Opinion of schools	Unanimously permitted in case of incapacity
Procedure	Son throws for him then for himself

💡 Key Rule: Delegation for stoning is permitted for those truly incapable (illness, old age, disability). The proxy throws first for the represented person, then repeats the circuit for themselves. Fatigue alone is not sufficient as an excuse.

⏰ Case 4: Stoning at night to avoid crowds

Situation: To avoid the extreme afternoon crowds, a pilgrim decides to throw their pebbles at 2:00 AM on the 12th day.

❓ Is this stoning valid?

📜 View the ruling

📖 Analysis:

Criterion	Application
End of stoning time	Until dawn of the following day
Stoning at night	Permitted but makruh without excuse
Valid excuse	Avoiding dangerous crowds is an excuse

💡 Key Rule: Stoning at night during Tashriq days is valid because the time extends until dawn. However, it is disliked (makruh) without reason. Avoiding dangerous stampedes is considered a valid excuse, especially since the tragic incidents of the past.

🦴 Case 5: Animal sacrificed found to have defect afterward

Situation: After sacrificing a sheep, the butcher notices the animal had an internal illness not visible before slaughter. The animal appeared healthy externally.

❓ Is the sacrifice valid?

📜 View the ruling

📖 Analysis:

Criterion	Application
Prior knowledge	The defect was hidden
External appearance	The animal appeared healthy
Invalidating defects	Only "obvious" ones (البيّن)

💡 Key Rule: The sacrifice is valid because the hadith mentions "obvious" defects (البيّن عورها, البيّن مرضها). An undetectable internal defect does not invalidate the sacrifice. The pilgrim's intention and effort count. Allah does not burden a soul beyond its capacity.

---

💭 Reflection

"The sacrifice is not the blood that flows, but the piety that rises to Allah."

— Teaching of the scholars

---

🎯 Practical Action: Prepare Your Sacrifice

This week, plan the practical aspects of your sacrifice:

1. Identify a reliable sacrifice bank (Islamic Development Bank, local organizations)
2. Calculate your budget for a sheep or 1/7 of a cow/camel
3. Memorize the 4 major defects that invalidate the animal
4. Memorize the Takbir to pronounce while stoning

Challenge: Practice the throwing motion with the correct intention and Takbir.

---

📝 Closing Supplication

O Allah, accept from us, You are indeed the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing. Accept our repentance, You are indeed the Accepter of Repentance, the Merciful. O Allah, make our sacrifice sincere for Your noble Face, and make our stoning a rejection of Satan the accursed.

---

📚 Sources and References

1. Sahih Al-Bukhari - Book of Hajj, chapters on sacrifice and stoning
2. Sahih Muslim - Book of Hajj and sacrifices
3. Sunan At-Tirmidhi - Chapters on sacrifices (1497)
4. Sunan Abu Dawud - Manasik al-Hajj (1937)
5. Al-Mudawwana - Imam Malik (179H)
6. Bidayat al-Mujtahid - Ibn Rushd (595H)
7. Al-Jami' li Ahkam al-Quran - Imam al-Qurtubi (671H)
8. Zad al-Ma'ad - Ibn al-Qayyim (751H)

---

And Allah the Most High knows best